Here is the candle production raw materials and selection principle:
CANDLE MAKING WAXES
Paraffin wax comes in different melting points. The type of candle you are making
will determine which melting point to buy.
Paraffin is a petroleum by-product. It contains oil. The lower the melting temperature of the paraffin, the more oil
content in the wax. You want low melt point wax for container candles, and higher melt point wax for moulded free-standing candles. Use the highest melt point wax for taper candles
Container Wax 54 degrees C (125-138 degrees Fahrenheit) or lower. Use when you want
your poured candle to stay in its container,i.e.. glass, tin, pot etc. This wax burns
the longest in the container type candles because of its higher
oil content. It melts first, then burns off.
Mould Wax 56-62 degrees C (139-143 Fah). It has less oil in it. The freestanding candle doesn't drip as it would if the wax
melted at a lower temperature. Less oil in the wax also means it is firmer and retains its moulded shape well.
Dipping Wax 62 degrees C (145 Fah). This is the wax you use for making taper candles. It adheres
to itself, so each dip will build upon the last to form the tapered candle. This wax can also be
used as an overdip for pillar candles, to help them be drip free- or to seal pressed flowers
that have been glued to the pillar candle.
WICK FOR CANDLE
Wicks come in different types and sizes. You will usually find small, medium and
large (diameter measure) for each of the following types. Use one size higher for
each 5 cm (2 inches) of candle diameter for long burning, drip reduced, non smoking
candles. The relationship of the wick to the wax type and container or mould size/type
is important for getting a long burning candle. Use a fatter wick for larger candles
or for candles made from long burning wax, like beeswax or paraffin with hardening
additives in it. When using flat braid wick, place the wick in your candles with the nap
or grain of the braid down ('v' up open at the top). If you wick a candle with the grain of
the braid going from bottom to top (the wrong way) when the candle burns it will develop
a carbonized ball on it, and that will smoke and burn unevenly. Don't worry
about wick direction with paper core or metal core wicking.
It is important that you match the type of wick to the type of candle you are making:
Flat Braid - Looks like it sounds. It has a decorative appearance, and can be used for most
candles but it tends to flop over and drown itself in your candle during burning.
This kind of wick is mostly used for taper candles.
Square Braid - Has a more sturdy structure. Use in moulded candles, container candles and dipped candles.
Metal Core - Zinc or Lead. Use for small container candles and votives or tea lights, tiny terra cotta pots.
Paper Core - Use for small container candles too. They may smoke more than a metal core wick.